Details of the Drug

General Information of Drug (ID: DMKWFBT)

• Drug Name: Melatonin
• Synonyms: 73-31-4; Melatonine; N-Acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine; Circadin; 5-Methoxy-N-acetyltryptamine; N-[2-(5-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]acetamide; N-(2-(5-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)acetamide; Melatol; Melovine; Melatonex; N-[2-(5-methoxyindol-3-yl)ethyl]acetamide; Acetamide, N-[2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-; UNII-JL5DK93RCL; N-(2-(5-Methoxyindol-3-yl)ethyl)acetamide; N-acetyl-5-methoxy-tryptamine; NSC 113928; CCRIS 3472; CHEMBL45; EINECS 200-797-7; JL5DK93RCL; Acetamide, N-(2-(5-methoxyindol-3-yl)ethyl)-; BRN 0205542; Circadin; Melapure; Melatonina; Posidorm; Vivitas; Night Rest; Pineal Hormone; Revital Melatonin; Rx Balance; Sleep Right; IN1244; M 5250; M1105; ML1; MT6; TNP00300; M-1200; M-1250; Mela-T; Melatonex, Melatonin; Melatonina (TN); NMR/14327425; Nature'S Harmony; PREVENTION 2 (MELATONIN); PREVENTION 3 (MELATONIN); PREVENTION 4 (MELATONIN); PREVENTION 5 (MELATONIN); PREVENTION 1 (MELATONIN) (PREVENTION 1); Acetamide, {N-[2-(5-methoxyindol-3-yl)ethyl]-}; Acetamide, N-[2-(5-methoxyindol-3-yl)ethyl]-(6CI,8CI); N-[2-(5-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)-ethyl]-acetamide; Acetamide, N-[2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-(9CI); Acetamide, {N-[2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-}; Acetamide, N-(2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)-(9CI); 4-ACETAMIDO-4'-ISOTHIO-CYANATOSTILBENE-2,2'-DISULFONIC ACID; [3H]melatonin; N-[2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]acetamide

Indication

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Insomnia	7A00-7A0Z	Approved	[1], [2], [3]

• Therapeutic Class: Central Nervous System Stimulants
• Drug Type: Small molecular drug
• #Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 0:
  Molecular Weight (mw); 232.28
  Topological Polar Surface Area (xlogp); 0.8
  Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds); 4
  Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor); 2
  Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc); 2
• ADMET Property:
  BDDCS Class: Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) Class 1: high solubility and high permeability [4]
  Clearance: The drug present in the plasma can be removed from the body at the rate of 16.5 mL/min/kg [5]
  Half-life: The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 35 - 50 minutes [5]
  Metabolism: The drug is metabolized via the hepatic [6]
  MRTD: The Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Dose (MRTD) of drug that ensured maximising efficacy and moderate side effect is 0.35861 micromolar/kg/day [7]
  Unbound Fraction: The unbound fraction of drug in plasma is 0.39% [5]
  Vd: Fluid volume that would be required to contain the amount of drug present in the body at the same concentration as in the plasma 1.1 L/kg [5]
  Water Solubility: The ability of drug to dissolve in water is measured as 0.1 mg/mL [4]
• Chemical Identifiers:
  Formula: C13H16N2O2
  IUPAC Name: N-[2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]acetamide
  Canonical SMILES: CC(=O)NCCC1=CNC2=C1C=C(C=C2)OC
  InChI: InChI=1S/C13H16N2O2/c1-9(16)14-6-5-10-8-15-13-4-3-11(17-2)7-12(10)13/h3-4,7-8,15H,5-6H2,1-2H3,(H,14,16)
  InChIKey: DRLFMBDRBRZALE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
• Cross-matching ID:
  PubChem CID: 896
  ChEBI ID: CHEBI:16796
  CAS Number: 73-31-4
  DrugBank ID: DB01065
  TTD ID: D0AN7B
  INTEDE ID: DR1018

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Melatonin receptor type 1A (MTNR1A)	TT0WAIE	MTR1A_HUMAN	Binder	[8], [9], [10]
Quinone reductase 2 (NQO2)	TTJLP0R	NQO2_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[11]

Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)	DE5IED8	CP2C9_HUMAN	Substrate	[12]
Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1)	DE6OQ3W	CP1A1_HUMAN	Substrate	[13]
Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase (CYP2C19)	DEGTFWK	CP2CJ_HUMAN	Substrate	[14]
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)	DEJGDUW	CP1A2_HUMAN	Substrate	[15]
Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1)	DE9QHP6	CP1B1_HUMAN	Substrate	[13]
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1)	DE43MW5	I23O1_HUMAN	Substrate	[16]
Hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase (ASMT)	DEHGR57	ASMT_HUMAN	Substrate	[17]

Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) Information of This Drug

Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Disease Different from Melatonin (Comorbidity)

DDI Drug Name	DDI Drug ID	Severity	Mechanism	Comorbidity	REF
Obeticholic acid	DM3Q1SM	Minor	Decreased metabolism of Melatonin caused by Obeticholic acid mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Autoimmune liver disease [DB96]	[73]
Ofloxacin	DM0VQN3	Minor	Decreased metabolism of Melatonin caused by Ofloxacin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z]	[73]
Esterified estrogens	DM9KZDO	Minor	Decreased metabolism of Melatonin caused by Esterified estrogens mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y]	[73]
Alpelisib	DMEXMYK	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Melatonin caused by Alpelisib mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y]	[74]
Quinestrol	DMJ6H1Z	Minor	Decreased metabolism of Melatonin caused by Quinestrol mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y]	[73]
Mestranol	DMG3F94	Minor	Decreased metabolism of Melatonin caused by Mestranol mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Contraceptive management [QA21]	[73]
Osilodrostat	DMIJC9X	Minor	Decreased metabolism of Melatonin caused by Osilodrostat mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Cushing syndrome [5A70]	[73]
[3H]estrone-3-sulphate	DMGPF0N	Minor	Decreased metabolism of Melatonin caused by [3H]estrone-3-sulphate mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Discovery agent [N.A.]	[73]
Teriflunomide	DMQ2FKJ	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Melatonin caused by Teriflunomide mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Hyper-lipoproteinaemia [5C80]	[73]
Givosiran	DM5PFIJ	Minor	Decreased metabolism of Melatonin caused by Givosiran mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Inborn porphyrin/heme metabolism error [5C58]	[73]
PF-06463922	DMKM7EW	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Melatonin caused by PF-06463922 mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Lung cancer [2C25]	[73]
Osimertinib	DMRJLAT	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Melatonin caused by Osimertinib mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Lung cancer [2C25]	[75]
Capmatinib	DMYCXKL	Minor	Decreased metabolism of Melatonin caused by Capmatinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Lung cancer [2C25]	[73]
Vemurafenib	DM62UG5	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Melatonin caused by Vemurafenib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Melanoma [2C30]	[76]
Allopregnanolone	DMNLHAC	Moderate	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Melatonin and Allopregnanolone.	Mental/behavioural/neurodevelopmental disorder [6E20-6E8Z]	[77]
Lasmiditan	DMXLVDT	Moderate	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Melatonin and Lasmiditan.	Migraine [8A80]	[78]
Exjade	DMHPRWG	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Melatonin caused by Exjade mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Mineral absorption/transport disorder [5C64]	[79]
Olaparib	DM8QB1D	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Melatonin caused by Olaparib mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Ovarian cancer [2C73]	[73]
Rucaparib	DM9PVX8	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Melatonin caused by Rucaparib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Ovarian cancer [2C73]	[80]
Abametapir	DM2RX0I	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Melatonin caused by Abametapir mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Pediculosis [1G00]	[81]

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